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EGE012-Bodrum Peninsula-Important Natural Areas Book
Protection Priority: Urgent
Area Change: Decline (-2)
Area Size: 37,506 ha
Elevation: 0 m – 670 m
Longitude: 27.32°E
Latitude: 37.12°N
Province(s): Muğla
District(s): Bodrum
Protection Status: Natural site area archaeological site area
INA is located on the Bodrum Peninsula, which is 42 kilometers long, 6 kilometers wide at its narrowest point, and 23.8 kilometers wide at its widest point, extending in an east-west direction. It consists of the entire north and west coasts of the peninsula and the islands on these coasts. There are 14 islands of various sizes, coves, capes and parallel hills in the western part of INA. There are small valleys and wetlands between the hills.
Mediterranean maquis communities cover most of the peninsula, except for pine forests in the north and east. Most of the areas where red pine and branched cypress forests were located in the past have turned into maquis today. INA also has slightly salty coastal lagoons, reed beds, a natural community of Datça palm and peatlands. The islands surrounding the peninsula are important nesting areas for many marine life and water birds.
The area meets INA criteria for five plant taxa. Ophrys omegaifera, an orchid with regionally important narrow distribution, lives on the peninsula. The wild palm (Phoenix dactilifera x Phoenix theophrastii) hybrid grove near Aşağı Gölköy is an important gene source. Genetic tests have revealed that this palm taxon is different from the Datça palm (Phoenix theophrasti).
The islands and islets on the coasts of the Bodrum Peninsula are important breeding areas for shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), Bonelli's eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus), Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonore), lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) and Audouin's gull (Larus audouinii).
INA is an important habitat for the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), whose species is globally threatened. Seals live on islands and untouched coasts. Studies by SAD-AFAG show that 3-7 seals live in the region. Anatolian leopard (Pantera pardus tulliana), lynx (Lynx lynx) and caracal (Caracal caracal) are among the species detected in the Bodrum Peninsula in past years.
The area also hosts the horned viper (Montivipera xanthina), a snake species whose species is globally endangered.
A significant portion of the world population of the Halicarnassus grayling (Maniola halicarnassus) butterfly, named after Bodrum, lives here.
The main livelihoods in INA are olive growing, citrus production, fishing and tourism. The denser settlement areas in the south of the Bodrum Peninsula are related to this region being more suitable for agricultural production. Most agricultural areas have olive groves and citrus orchards. Small ruminants are grazed on steep and sloping slopes in the area. Most of the peninsula's coasts have tourism facilities and second homes.
Threats in the region; unplanned construction in coastal areas under great pressure, reduction or complete removal of existing SIT areas, filling of wetlands, intervention in water regime, forest fires and afforestation activities with exotic species. On the other hand, the proliferation of fish farms causes marine pollution. The use of antibiotic feed in these farms negatively affects marine life and deteriorates water quality.
Since Bodrum islands are on the ships' route, there have been many maritime accidents and environmental pollution on the islands. Due to the dense spread of the exotic seaweed Caulerpa racemosa originating from the Indian Ocean, benthic marine life is under threat.
The two most important problems in agricultural areas; occupation of olive groves and irrigable fertile agricultural lands by tourism facilities, and abandonment of dry farming terraces on slopes.
There are many open-pit operations in forest areas for the purpose of extracting sand, gravel, aggregate and stone under the name of quarry.
In 1997, tons of petroleum-derived (oily) waste polluting the island shores as a result of a ship accident in the Gulf of Gümüşlük was cleaned by SAD-AFAG, Bodrum Volunteers and the Ministry of Environment through joint efforts. Later, upon SAD-AFAG's proposal, all ships carrying dangerous cargo with ships over 300 GRT were banned from sailing between the mainland and islands close to the coast.
To reduce the pressure on Küdür Peninsula, which is one of the rare undeveloped areas in INA, SAD-AFAG prepared a report in 1998 and applied to the Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection Board, and the peninsula was made a first-degree site area at 96%.
Yalıkavak Human Nature Association, Turkish Association for the Protection of Nature - Bodrum and SAD-AFAG have carried out many awareness-raising and education studies for the protection of marine environment and biodiversity.
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